A Priority-based Fair Queuing (PFQ) Model for Wireless Healthcare System

Healthcare is a very active research area, primarily due to the increase in the elderly population that leads to increasing number of emergency situations that require urgent actions. In recent years some of wireless networked medical devices were equipped with different sensors to measure and report on vital signs of patient remotely. The most important sensors are Heart Beat Rate (ECG), Pressure and Glucose sensors. However, the strict requirements and real-time nature of medical applications dictate the extreme importance and need for appropriate Quality of Service (QoS), fast and accurate delivery of a patient’s measurements in reliable e-Health ecosystem. As the elderly age and older adult population is increasing (65 years and above) due to the advancement in medicine and medical care in the last two decades; high QoS and reliable e-health ecosystem has become a major challenge in Healthcare especially for patients who require continuous monitoring and attention. Nevertheless, predictions have indicated that elderly population will be approximately 2 billion in developing countries by 2050 where availability of medical staff shall be unable to cope with this growth and emergency cases that need immediate intervention. On the other side, limitations in communication networks capacity, congestions and the humongous increase of devices, applications and IOT using the available communication networks add extra layer of challenges on E-health ecosystem such as time constraints, quality of measurements and signals reaching healthcare centres. Hence this research has tackled the delay and jitter parameters in E-health M2M wireless communication and succeeded in reducing them in comparison to current available models. The novelty of this research has succeeded in developing a new Priority Queuing model ‘’Priority Based-Fair Queuing’’ (PFQ) where a new priority level and concept of ‘’Patient’s Health Record’’ (PHR) has been developed and integrated with the Priority Parameters (PP) values of each sensor to add a second level of priority. The results and data analysis performed on the PFQ model under different scenarios simulating real M2M E-health environment have revealed that the PFQ has outperformed the results obtained from simulating the widely used current models such as First in First Out (FIFO) and Weight Fair Queuing (WFQ). PFQ model has improved transmission of ECG sensor data by decreasing delay and jitter in emergency cases by 83.32% and 75.88% respectively in comparison to FIFO and 46.65% and 60.13% with respect to WFQ model. Similarly, in pressure sensor the improvements were 82.41% and 71.5% and 68.43% and 73.36% in comparison to FIFO and WFQ respectively. Data transmission were also improved in the Glucose sensor by 80.85% and 64.7% and 92.1% and 83.17% in comparison to FIFO and WFQ respectively. However, non-emergency cases data transmission using PFQ model was negatively impacted and scored higher rates than FIFO and WFQ since PFQ tends to give higher priority to emergency cases. Thus, a derivative from the PFQ model has been developed to create a new version namely “Priority Based-Fair Queuing-Tolerated Delay” (PFQ-TD) to balance the data transmission between emergency and non-emergency cases where tolerated delay in emergency cases has been considered. PFQ-TD has succeeded in balancing fairly this issue and reducing the total average delay and jitter of emergency and non-emergency cases in all sensors and keep them within the acceptable allowable standards. PFQ-TD has improved the overall average delay and jitter in emergency and non-emergency cases among all sensors by 41% and 84% respectively in comparison to PFQ model

Atherogenic Index of Plasma in the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy

This study investigates the change that occurs for atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) which is a very good marker for the evaluation of the risk of atherogenicity and cardiometabolic health. This study indicates the logarithm of the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (log [TG/HDL-c]). The parameters of triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) are estimated and compared with the control cases. The AIP is calculated for each case during pregnancy in first, second, and third trimesters separately and each is compared with control cases. The study population comprised (80) women aged between (20–40) years distributed to (20) healthy non-pregnant women, (20) in the first trimester, (20) in the second trimester, and (20) in the third trimester in Koya health centers. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the TG level in both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared to the control cases. Whereas, in the first trimester of pregnancy, it can be assumed that there is a non-significant decrease of TG level rather than control cases. As well as the serum levels of HDL for all three trimesters of pregnancy displayed non-significant changes when compared to non-pregnant cases. These data illustrate that the AIP levels during both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are significantly higher, as compared to control cases, whereas the AIP levels in the first trimester are non-significantly elevated, as compared with control case

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Android dan Ispring pada Materi Barisan dan Deret

This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective android and ispring based mathematics learning media of sequence and series materials. Researchers use the Research and Development (R&D) method with ADDIE (analysis, design, development, improvement, and design) development models as the research method. The data in this study is obtained from interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The result shows that the developed learning media meets the feasibility criteria of learning media are valid, practical, and effective. The validity average of subject experts is 4.75, and 4.52 for media experts by the "valid" category. The practicality average for teachers of the small class is 4.83 and 4.72 for teachers of the big ones, then, for students, it's 4.89 for the small ones and 4.85 for the big ones by the "practical" category. The percentage of students who pass the passing grade is 70% in the small class by the “effective”actegory and 82% in the big class by the "very effective" category.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media berbasis android dan ispring pada materi barisan dan deret yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation). Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara, angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria kelayakan media pembelajaran yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif. Rata-rata total kevalidan oleh ahli materi sebesar 4.75 dan ahli media sebesar 4.52 dengan kategori “valid”. Rata-rata total kepraktisan oleh guru pada kelas kecil yaitu 4.83 dan guru pada kelas besar yaitu 4.72, serta rata-rata total kepraktisan oleh siswa pada kelas kecil adalah 4.89 dan siswa pada kelas besar adalah 4.85 dengan kategori “praktis”. Persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada uji coba kelas kecil sebesar 70% dengan kategori “efektif” dan uji coba kelas besar sebesar 82% dengan kategori “sangat efektif”

Molecular structure and optical attributes of (Na-CMC/SA) natural polymer blend

ABSTRACT. Biopolymers are referred to the bio-degradable polymer that is derived from living organisms in nature or synthesized from renewable materials but needs polymerization. There are consisting of monomeric units that bond together through a covalent bond to obtain large molecules. A biopolymeric blend of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium alginate (Na-CMC/SA) film was prepared by the casting/solvent evaporation method. In addition to the molecular structure, the optical and molecular geometry of the collected films were characterized. XRD of binary blend investigated the interaction and miscibility among two biopolymers. FTIR of the blend spectrum explicated the conferring of the two polymer group’s vibrations. UV/Vis and optical studies appeared a peak in the binary at the wavelength (227 nm) which explained the high combination between two polymers. Molecular geometry clarifies the assignment of vibrational spectra of pure polymers which implied the important role of the (C=O) group as eventful regions for the two polymers.   KEY WORDS: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium alginate, Na-CMC/SA, FTIR, XRD, UV/Vis   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 707-716.                                                                DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.19                                                     &nbsp

Outage Analysis of Downlink URLLC in Massive MIMO systems with Power Allocation

Massive MIMO is seen as a main enabler for low-latency communications, thanks to its high spatial degrees of freedom. The channel hardening and favorable propagation properties of Massive MIMO are particularly important for multiplexing several URLLC devices. However, the actual utility of channel hardening and spatial multiplexing is dependent critically on the accuracy of channel knowledge. When several low-latency devices are multiplexed, the cost for acquiring accurate knowledge becomes critical, and it is not evident how many devices can be served with a latency-reliability requirement and how many pilot symbols should be allocated. This paper investigates the trade-off between achieving high spectral efficiency and high reliability in the downlink, by employing various power allocation strategies, for maximum ratio and minimum mean square error precoders. The results show that using max-min SINR power allocation achieves the best reliability, at the expense of lower sum spectral efficiency

The Determinants Of Capital Flight: Evidence From MENA Countries

This paper examines the determinants of capital flight in seven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the period of 1981-2008. The results are robust to four econometrics techniques: Ordinary least Squares, Fixed effects, Random Effects, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model. The empirical findings indicate that the capital flight in MENA countries is driven mainly by lag capital flight, external debt, foreign direct investment, real GDP growth rate and uncertainty. Based on these results, the paper recommends that governments in these countries should manage their external debt efficiently, and stabilize their monetary and macroeconomic policies in order to staunch capital flight

Proof of Kolmogorovian Censorship

Many argued (Accardi and Fedullo, Pitowsky) that Kolmogorov's axioms of classical probability theory are incompatible with quantum probabilities, and this is the reason for the violation of Bell's inequalities. Szab\'o showed that, in fact, these inequalities are not violated by the experimentally observed frequencies if we consider the real, ``effective'' frequencies. We prove in this work a theorem which generalizes this result: ``effective'' frequencies associated to quantum events always admit a Kolmogorovian representation, when these events are collected through different experimental set ups, the choice of which obeys a classical distribution.Comment: 19 pages, LaTe

The Enhancement of Junior High School Students\u27 Abilities in Mathematical Problem Solving Using Soft Skill-based Metacognitive Learning

The aim of this study is to know the differences of enhancement in mathematical problem solving ability (MPSA) between the students who received soft skill- based metacognitive learning (SSML) with the students who got conventional learning (CL). This research is a quasi experimental design with pretest-postest control group. The population in this study is the students of Junior High School in Pekanbaru city. The sample consist of 135 students, 68 of them are from the high-level school, and 67 students are from the middle-level school. The instruments are mathematical prior knowledge (MPK) test, MPSA test, instruction observation sheet, students journal about the lesson, and the guideline for interview. The data was analyzed using t-test and two-way ANOVA. The result of data analysis indicates: (1) overall, the enhancement of students\u27 MPSA with SSML approach significantly is higher than those with conventional learning (CL); (2) there is no interaction between the learning approach (SSML and CL) with the school level (high and middle) toward the enhancement of MPSA; (3) there is no interaction between the learning approach (SSML and CL) with MPK (upper, middle, and low) toward the enhancement of MPSA